Why does this happen?

  • The background is part of the page. In a PDF exported from dark slides or a dark-themed editor, the black is a filled shape or an image drawn on every page. It isn’t a display setting a printer can switch off.
  • Grayscale printing keeps dark things dark. Printing in grayscale removes the color, not the darkness: a black slide is still a black page, now in gray toner.
  • “Background graphics” only applies to web pages. Browsers can skip a web page’s background when printing. A PDF has no such separation — everything on it is the page.
  • Some scans are negatives. Microfilm prints and some old scanners produce white-on-black pages. They print the same way, and invert the same way.